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history of india

mass communication

INTRODUCTION

Mass communication is the term used to describe the academic study of the various means by which individuals and entities relay information through mass media to large segments of the population at the same time. It is usually understood to relate to newspaper and magazine, publishing, radio, television and films as these are used both for disseminating news and for advertising.

Mass communication research includes media institutions and processes such as diffusion of information and media effects such as persuasion or manipulation of public opinion. The institution providing knowledge to the students on mass communication seems to be reformed by their curriculum and tends to students to the study of journalism practice, history, low and the effects about media.

Importance

In the history of mass communication, it was only concerned to publishing, broadcasting and defusing news, information etc. but it has its large occupancy in almost all kinds of profit makings aspects weather it’s a large industries or a small home industries. Any company basically is confined to earning profit by the process of creating and selling its product to the large chunk of public. A huge amount of profit is only be obtained when mass production and then mass distribution accompanied by mass consumption by the public in general takes place. So in simple terms mass communication helps the company to communicate on a large level with public globally to induce them to consume the product.  

Conclusion

No matter how is important mass communication is today to plead your case among a vast majority of people, it has greatly earned its criticism.Some society generally assumed that the development of mass communication has had a largely negative impact on modern social life, creating a kind of bland and homogeneous culture which entertains individuals without challenging them. It has transformed the mass to relay and stick to means of media technologies and gadgets and has kept them away from the reality so far. But in general, it’s a boon to the current civilization as the world is getting at the best everyday because it defuses communication from one to many, whereby products are mass produced and disseminated to a great quantity of audiences and the mass will always be entertained with high quality of product in an affordable way.

By

Chandan Kumar Sah

Love

What is the one emotion that has everyone mystified? What is the one emotion that has started as many wars as it has ended? What emotion has had more plays, songs, and stories written about it than anything else? Love, that one emotion that makes enemies into friends and friends into enemies. So many legends surround this emotion, from the goddess Athena and Helen of Troy to Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.

Love comes in so many different levels, that it doesn't appear to be the same emotion at all, but it is. There is so much to love, that it will be hard to put into this simple essay. It can tear people apart and make us do irrational things to bringing together entire nations. What can this emotion not do? It's hard to tell, but there is a lot it can.

This emotion, bring tears to our eyes when something happens to our family members, friends, and pets. When we feel love ripped from us, as in death or being spurned by another, we do things we wouldn't normally do, such as go on violent rampages, or mourn to the extent that our loved ones have to watch us constantly to make sure we don't try anything like suicide. Some can move on, always remembering the lost loved one after a while, but others can not let go. These are the ones that need our love and support the most.

There are so many levels to love, that I can only express a few of them here. These are the ones we see most in life. Friendship starts this list off. Yes, it doesn't seem like it, but we do feel love towards our friends, this is what helps us get along so well, and why we miss them when we don't see our friends for a long time. It's also why we hold certain friends over others no matter what happens. Sometimes, the bond between friends deepens to the point where a stronger bond of love is made, making them family.

Another level of love, are for our siblings and other family members. Even though we do things to our family members, and sometimes we don't like some of our family, that bond is still there. It's this family bond level of love that brought about the phrase, blood is thicker than water. We will do things for our brothers, sisters, mothers, fathers, and children before we would even consider doing them for anyone else. Many wars have been started because of this family level, brother avenging brother or father, father protecting his wife and children, or even vice versa. This simple family bond can even extend to include our pets, amazingly enough, and that is a good thing.

At the turn of the century more than six million patents had been registered with the US Patent Office. This has been following an exponential growth over the last two hundred years and is representative of the growth of technology in general since the dawn of human history. Technology is a product of knowledge and creativity, which in turn produces more knowledge and opportunity for creativity. Developments in technology have allowed us to become more creative.

The artistic legacy of humans throughout history shows how technology has brought about an increase in human creativity. The cave paintings discovered in Europe that were made about 30 000 years ago lacked the technology that was available during the Renaissance. A limited range of paints and pigments resulted in relatively simplistic, two-dimensional figures, compared to the sophisticated, three dimensional pictures of the Renaissance artists. Fine brushes and tools enabled these artists to produce fine detail far superior to the course drawings of the cave men.Comparisons of architecture also reveal the limitations to creativity experienced in the absence of technology. The ancient pyramids were impressive in terms of size however, their display of creativity does not compare to the cathedrals and mosques constructed in the second millennium AD. Here, the technologies at their disposal allowed people to construct buildings with such aesthetically pleasing arches and columns. Stained glass windows and mosaics are another demonstration of how technology increased creative expression

college life

The ideal college lifestyle dissipates quickly once the reality is reached. Many young adults imagine vivid pictures of what college might be like for them. However, once these young adults mature into independent men and women, and enter into the school of their choice, they soon realize the reality of the college lifestyle. They must learn to adapt to their new surroundings as quickly as possible to accomplish the sought after degrees. Students come to the realization that life is not as easy as they might hope for. Many young adults seem to believe that college life is filled with parties and typically a laid-back lifestyle. These students believe that, much like high school, classes will be taken during the day and filled with all their friends. They imagine a lifestyle with no other worries besides an occasional essay or lab. It is often said that college is the greatest time of one’s life; many high school students believe this and look forward to it. Some enjoy the idea

Airpolution

Air pollution is actually the addition of any harmful substances to the atmosphere, which causes the damaging of the environment, human health and the quality of life. With the development in industry, came along the increase in air pollution, which occurs inside homes, schools, offices even in the countryside. Consequently there has been an increase in the death rates resulting from various diseases caused by air pollution varying from breathing problem to lung cancer. Air pollution does not only affect people but it also damages the whole ecological system in which plants and animals are harmed as well. Air pollution has reached such a critical stage where it affects the earth's atmosphere as it lets in more harmful radiation from the sun. Consequently, our polluted atmosphere is becoming a better insulator, thus, preventing heat from escaping back into space. That is why there is a global rise in temperature which scientists refer to as " global warming". As a result of this rise in temperature the world food supply and sea level will be affected, also there is the probability of increase in the tropical disease. If we try to investigate the major sour

climate

Every year there are changes in climate in different parts of the world. Some of these changes are due to natural causes. However, some climatic changes are caused by air pollution and these changes may increase.

If the pollution affects the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the results are likely to be serious. Carbon dioxide constitutes only a small part of the atmosphere. But it has an important function in maintaining the balance between radiation from the sun entering the atmosphere and radiation leaving the Earth. Some of the radiation is absorbed by the Earth and some is radiated back into the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere prevents some of the radiation from leaving the atmosphere. Thus the heat remains in the atmosphere and carbon dioxide helps to prevent the temperature of the Earth from falling.

If the proportion of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increased as a result of air pollution, the temperature of the atmosphere may rise. This might eventually cause the ice in the north and the south poles to melt. If this happened, the sea level would rise and parts of the Earth would be flooded. The likelihood of this happening is remote, but the possibility exists.

There is also a fairly strong possibility that the dust level in the atmosphere will rise as a result of industrial pollution. This dust pollution will reflect sunlight back into space. If this happens, less sunlight will reach the Earth and the temperature will fall.

Another danger comes from the destruction of the Earth's vegetation, such as the forests of Brazil, which are being cleared to make way for farmland and cities. Trees use carbon dioxide and their destruction may upset the balance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

poverty

The moral stance of the Society of HumanKind on social difference in human society rests on the Principles of Unity and Peace. Those Principles, and other implications of the Axioms and Dogma, are applied to this aspect of our social lives in the Treatise on the Individual. The Treatise dismisses the possibility that social difference is natural to the human condition or inherent in our species. The conclusion must be that such differences as do exist in our societies, whether based on standing, status, power or on any other criterion, are a consequence of our own actions, or of our inability to control all those factors in our environment that have an influence on our social life.
The uncertainty of all human knowledge and understanding, set out in the Treatise on Knowledge, reinforces that conclusion. The limit on our ability to understand ourselves, or grasp all that affects us in our environment described in that Treatise is such that it leaves open the possibility that we may never be able to determine fully, or control effectively, the structure and outcome of our relationships with each other. In effect, the Treatise suggests that we may not have the faculties or abilities required to eliminate difference between individuals within our societies.
In sum, the first founding book of the Society, the 'Foundations', rejects difference between individuals as an inherent or natural condition of human society while accepting that it may nevertheless be unavoidable. However, 'Foundations' does not then go on to discuss the question raised by that conclusion, i.e. that of the attitude of the Society toward that aspect of our social order where it exists. That issue is examined in this Essay.
It is best to begin the discussion by repeating the inference drawn from the Axioms, Dogma and Principles in the Treatise on the Individual. Acceptance of the Axioms and choice of the Dogma removes the possibility of there being any necessary correlation between the social position of an individual and their merit or value. The Society will reject any implicit judgement of the worth of any individual based on their occupation of any particular position in our social hierarchy during life. Final adjudication on that issue must always be deferred to the period beyond the achievement of the Objective of the Dogma.
However, as has already been noted, that stance does not address the problem of the attitude the Society of HumanKind and its membership should take toward social difference. In particular, it provides no advice or guidance on whether they should tolerate hierarchical systems of social relationships or willingly accept any social position other than one of their own choosing.
To the first of those issues the Principle of Progress applies. It requires adherents of the Society to accept the need for a level of social order which is compatible with the maintenance of the Conditions of the Dogma, a demand also directly derived from an acceptance of the Axioms and choice of the Dogma. When the effect of the Principle of Unity is added to that of Progress it is clear that social difference can properly be tolerated by those who choose the Dogma. The Society and its adherents can therefore accept such distinctions where they can be seen to be necessary to maintain the level of social order required by the Conditions of the Objective of the Dogma and the Aim of the Society.
If however, human society ever progresses to the point at which social difference is no longer necessary for those purposes then, at that moment, all followers of the Dogma, and thus every adherent of the Society of HumanKind, will cease to regard difference and disadvantage as justified. They will come to that conclusion even if those features of our society remain unavoidable due to our inability, identified by the Treatise on Knowledge, to effect the changes in our social structures that would finally remove them.
That stance of the Society has a consequence for the second issue raised earlier - that of the attitude of members of the Society to their own social position. While social distinctions and disadvantages do remain either necessary or unavoidable to the maintenance of the Conditions of the Dogma, they must be endured by all who choose the Aim of the Society. That requirement on adherents to the Society arises from the Principle 3.2. Every adherent of the Society of HumanKind should therefore be prepared to accept and tolerate whatever social position it falls to them occupy in life.
However, that tolerance should not preclude them from striving to change or improve their social standing or advantage, provided always that they do not breach the Principle of Peace in consequence. The Society requires all its adherents to confine any self-serving effort they may make to improve their own lot strictly within the limits set by their overriding obligation to discharge their Responsibility to further its Aim. Which, in simple terms, means that they should not put the stability of our social order at risk by any attempt they may make to change their social, political or economic standing

Education is so multifaceted that it is difficult for me to know where to begin discussing it, or how to prioritize the many factors. Relaying my own experience is easy: I had a standard classroom approach, supplemented by inordinate reading. In only the briefest and least memorable instances did I receive any individual tutoring.

Education is commonly thought of as the job of schools. Adults cry "educate our children!" Everyone has opinions about the best way to do the job. It is of urgent importance, and all the numerous factors are much studied, debated, and new (or old) ideas continually tested or retested. Some people say "it's as simple as . . . " and then name their pet peeve or passion. My view is not of an education specialist, but of one who loves sharing what I learn, and owes much to educators. Since I don't have an educational theory neatly worked-out, nor an outline of my perceptions, my intent is to address each educational ingredient that comes to my mind. After I've said what I think about each topic, readers may have a fair comprehension of my philosophy.

First comes sensitivity. If a person be insensitive, be it from numbing cold, exhaustion, drugs, genetic makeup, or upbringing, then the process of education is bogged down, and results come only after great efforts. Sensitivity in my integrated meaning is broad, covering literally the senses, so that deaf and blind people are less sensitive, as well as people whose senses work perfectly, but whose receptivity or thought processes are blunted for whatever reason. A person can be insensitive in one way, such as blind, and extraordinarily sensitive in another way, such as in hearing. It is also possible to be so ultra-sensitive that the result is disadvantageous. I expect no argument in asserting that a normal sensitivity is a healthy, indispensable ingredient for optimal education.

Sensitivity can be heightened or blunted by education. It is intertwined with curiosity. An ideal education affords numerous and varied opportunities for students to touch, see, smell, listen, hear; to spark their curiosity. When I was a child the things that pleased me were largely other than the plants which have earned me a living as an adult. For example, I collected postage stamps, played basketball, was fond of listening to music, played all manner of games, but dealt only in a neutral, uninspired fashion with plants. The one thing that was constant and of supreme importance was my love of reading. I don't recall why, but by an early age, say age 9, I was a phenomenal reader of books, a habit that persisted all the way until college.

Reading expands one's mind immensely. It fires the imagination, demonstrates grammar, teaches vocabulary, informs, challenges, helps one relax. In some cases it forces the mind to concentrate, as to understand. It can help build a moral or ethical framework, and help oneself form an individual worldview. Even an untraveled child, sitting at home, can be transported by a book into any place or time. Fantasy and facts weave together, but the result is almost an unmitigated improvement. If a bookworm grows up to be antisocial or worse, it is not because of too much reading, but because something else was lacking in the education or caregiving.

online bussiness

If you have a product, service, website or blog, you must be aware that you have thought about a contest? The competitions are very big for the visitors and drive traffic to your business, work online as well, but it can also online, if not more effective. With online competition, your competitive people in minutes or seconds (if done properly) and not even the cost of a stamp.

Contests and competitions are not only a method or a marketing tool to attract new customers, they can offer a great way for you to thank existing customers. If a blog is a competition is a great way to help the reader with you and your work content adds value to your site, please ask the response competition, or other post on its Web site and the construction of the conversation.

What do you want to achieve your competitors, you need more subscribers to the newsletter? If an increase in sales is the goal of the contest is not too short, offering a chance to build a long term relationship with potential customers. Competitions, contests, sweepstakes and giveaways are a good way, people subscribe to your newsletter and stay involved in your brand, these people are more willing to sell their products, services or whatever they sell to buy later.

Television

Television is an inescapable part of modern culture. We depend on TV for entertainment, news, education, culture, weather, sports—and even music, sincWith the recent explosion in satellite and digital speciality channels, we now have access to a plethora of both good quality and inappropriate TV content. In this crowded television environment, the key for parents is to search out high quality TV programs for their kids, and whenever possible, enjoy them together as a family.

Television offers lots of benefits to kids, including:

• Because of its ability to create powerful touchstones, TV enables young people to share cultural experiences with others.
  
• Shared viewing gives family members of all ages an opportunity to spend time together.
  
• Parents can use TV as a catalyst to get kids reading—following up on TV programs by getting books on the same subjects or reading authors whose work was adapted for the programs.
  
• Great television can teach kids important values and life lessons.
  
• TV programs often explores controversial or sensitive issues, which can make it easier for parents and kids to discuss them.
  
• Educational programming can develop young children's socialization and learning skills.
  
• News, current events and historical programming can help make young people more aware of other cultures and people.
  
• Documentaries can help develop critical thinking about society and the worle the advent of music videos